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Challenges in developing reliable phosphorus predictive models: Unpredictable release under soil redox changes.

Filippo Saiano1, Riccardo Scalenghe1

  • 1Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli studi di Palermo, Italy.

Heliyon
|December 11, 2024
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Summary

Flooding alters soil phosphorus (P) dynamics, reducing P release under anoxia. Soil type significantly impacts P adsorption capacity under reducing conditions, but a universal predictive model remains elusive.

Keywords:
Maximum adsorption capacityNull pointOverfertilized soils

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Phosphorus (P) is vital for plant nutrition but its uneven distribution necessitates fertilizer use.
  • Excessive phosphorus fertilizer application can lead to detrimental water pollution.
  • Understanding soil phosphorus dynamics, especially under changing environmental conditions like flooding, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate phosphorus (P) release from the soil P-adsorbing complex under flooding-induced reduction (anoxia).
  • To quantify the impact of different soil types and reducing conditions on P adsorption capacity.
  • To assess the potential for predicting P release based on soil properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized adsorption/desorption isotherms to directly measure the P-adsorbing complex in 12 diverse soils.
  • Compared P adsorption under Alternating Reducing Conditions (ARC) and Continuous Reducing Conditions (CRC).
  • Analyzed soil properties to identify correlations with P adsorption and release.

Main Results:

  • Anoxia decreased the equilibrium solution P concentration, indicating reduced P desorption.
  • Calcareous soils showed higher maximum P adsorption (Xmax) under ARC than CRC.
  • Acidic, organic matter-rich soils exhibited the highest Xmax (123 mmol P kg-1) under ARC.
  • Acidic, light-textured soils displayed higher mean Xmax under CRC.

Conclusions:

  • Soil P release under anoxia is complex and varies significantly with soil type and redox conditions.
  • Existing soil properties and climate data were insufficient to develop a predictive model for soil P desorption.
  • Anoxia-induced P release lacks a predictable pattern, highlighting challenges in managing P loss.