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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...

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Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Published on: January 12, 2015

miR-21-5p Enriched Exosomes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Promote Osteogenesis via YAP1 Modulation.

Xinqia Huang¹, Ziquan Zhao¹, Weiqiang Zhan¹

¹Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, People's Republic of China.

International Journal of Nanomedicine

|December 11, 2024

Summary

Human embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes (hESC-Exos) promote bone cell differentiation and enhance bone repair. This study highlights the miR-21-5p pathway, suggesting hESC-Exos as a promising therapy for bone regeneration.

Keywords:

YAP1 bone regeneration exosomes human embryonic stem cells miR-21-5p osteogenic differentiation

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LINE-1 Methylation Analysis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Osteosarcoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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Published on: February 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Exosome research
Regenerative medicine

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for bone regeneration.
Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and can influence stem cell behavior.
Human embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes (hESC-Exos) are potential therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the osteogenic potential of hESC-Exos.
To determine the effects of hESC-Exos on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) differentiation.
To explore the in vivo bone regeneration capacity of hESC-Exos.

Main Methods:

Isolation and characterization of hESC-Exos (TEM, NTA, Western blotting).
Assessment of hUCMSC osteogenic differentiation (alizarin red, qPCR, Western blotting).
miRNA profiling of hESC-Exos and in vivo bone regeneration study in ovariectomized rats.

Main Results:

hESC-Exos significantly promoted hUCMSC osteogenic differentiation, indicated by increased mineralization and osteogenesis markers (ALP, RUNX2, OCN).
miRNA analysis identified miR-21-5p as a key regulator targeting YAP1 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
In vivo studies showed hESC-Exos enhanced bone repair in rats, improving bone mineral density and microarchitecture.

Conclusions:

hESC-Exos possess significant osteogenic potential and promote bone regeneration.
The miR-21-5p-YAP1/β-catenin axis is a critical pathway mediating these effects.
hESC-Exos represent a promising therapeutic strategy for bone regeneration and repair.