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Nanoparticles-Dotted 3D Porous Nanofiber Skeleton Separator for Advanced Supercapacitors.

Ruiqi Xu¹, Hongfei OuYang¹, Zeqin Huang¹

¹Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, School of Mechanical and Automative Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|December 11, 2024

Summary

This study introduces a novel 5 μm ultrathin separator for supercapacitors (SCs) featuring a 3D nanofiber skeleton with fumed alumina nanoparticles. This design achieves high mechanical strength and large pore size, improving SC performance.

Keywords:

UHMWPE-based membrane ceramic-polymer composite fumed Al2O3 porous nanofiber skeleton separator supercapacitors

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Supercapacitors (SCs) are crucial energy storage devices, with separators significantly impacting their energy density, power output, and safety.
Current challenges in separator development include achieving a balance between large pore size, ultrathin dimensions, and robust mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an ultrathin composite separator with enhanced mechanical strength and large pore size for improved supercapacitor performance.
To address the trade-off between mechanical integrity and porosity in ultrathin separators.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a 5 μm ultrathin separator using biaxial stretching, incorporating a 3D porous nanofiber skeleton and fumed aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles.
Optimization through an annealing process to enhance pore structure and nanoparticle integration.

Main Results:

The developed separator exhibits a large average pore size of 130.8 nm and high mechanical strength of 40 MPa.
Achieved low bulk resistance of 0.3 Ω and excellent thermal stability with zero shrinkage at 130 °C.
Demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial separators due to enhanced electrolyte wettability and reduced ion transmission resistance.

Conclusions:

The novel 3D porous nanofiber skeleton separator with fumed Al2O3 nanoparticles effectively resolves the conflict between mechanical strength and large pore size in ultrathin separators.
The developed separator shows significant potential for advancing the large-scale application of next-generation energy storage devices.