Pediatric exposure to illicit fentanyl is associated with drug availability in the community

Robert G Hendrickson1, Amber L Lin1, Courtney Temple1

  • 1Oregon Health and Science University & Oregon Poison Center, Portland, OR, USA.

Insights

Illicit fentanyl seizures in the community are linked to increased pediatric exposures. Monitoring drug seizures can help predict and prevent child fentanyl poisonings.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Illicit fentanyl has become the primary opioid in the U.S., surpassing heroin.
  • There has been a concerning rise in pediatric exposures to illicit fentanyl nationwide.
  • This study investigates the correlation between community drug availability and child fentanyl poisonings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if increased illicit fentanyl availability, indicated by drug seizures, correlates with a rise in pediatric fentanyl exposures.
  • To establish a data-driven approach for predicting and mitigating child fentanyl poisoning incidents.

Main Methods:

  • Data from regional poison control centers on pediatric fentanyl exposures (under 6 years) from 2019-2023 were analyzed.
  • Illicit fentanyl drug seizure data from the DEA within the state were quantified.
  • Poisson regression was employed to assess the statistical association between drug seizures and pediatric exposures.

Main Results:

  • Both illicit fentanyl drug seizures and pediatric fentanyl exposures significantly increased between 2019 and 2023.
  • A strong, statistically significant association was found between increased drug seizures and higher rates of pediatric fentanyl exposures (IRR 1.90, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Community drug availability, as measured by seizures, is strongly associated with pediatric illicit fentanyl exposures.
  • Drug seizure data can serve as a valuable predictive tool for poison centers and public health officials.
  • Monitoring seizure data can guide research, outreach, and educational efforts to prevent child fentanyl poisonings.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
690
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
223
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
1.9K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
100
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
437
Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
1.3K