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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Published on: September 30, 2010

T-switch-ing TCR specificity.

Andrew Y Hu¹, Cristina Puig-Saus²

¹Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.

|December 11, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered self-reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs) from non-autoreactive ones. This advance shows potential for developing T-cell immunotherapies targeting self-antigens.

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Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Published on: July 11, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Published on: September 30, 2010

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

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Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Published on: July 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Central tolerance is a critical immune mechanism that prevents T-cells from attacking the body's own tissues (self-antigens).
Developing T-cell therapies often requires overcoming the natural self-tolerance mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for generating self-reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs).
To explore the potential of engineered T-cells with these novel TCRs for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Utilized directed evolution to modify non-autoreactive TCRs.
Engineered TCRs to recognize specific self-antigen peptides.

Main Results:

Successfully generated self-reactive TCRs through directed evolution.
Demonstrated the potential of T-cells engineered with these TCRs in preclinical models.

Conclusions:

The described method offers a novel approach to create self-reactive TCRs.
Engineered T-cells with these TCRs hold promise for future immunotherapy strategies targeting self-antigens.