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Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A Tunisian tertiary center study
I Zone-Abid1, K Maaloul1, N Hamza2
1Department of Ophtalmology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Journal Francais D'Ophtalmologie
|December 11, 2024
Summary
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) reveals significant retinal layer thinning in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, correlating with clinical and visual evoked potential (VEP) measures. This highlights OCT
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology and Neuroscience
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research
Background:
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
- Retinal neurodegeneration is increasingly recognized as a feature of MS, potentially serving as a biomarker.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) allows for in vivo imaging of retinal layers, offering a non-invasive method to assess neuroaxonal damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate retinal layer thicknesses using spectral-domain OCT in patients with MS.
- To explore correlations between OCT-derived retinal measurements and clinical (EDSS) and electrophysiological (VEP) characteristics in MS.
- To evaluate the potential of OCT as a tool for quantifying neurodegeneration in MS.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 51 MS patients (18-60 years) and 30 age/gender-matched healthy controls.
- Assessments included neurological examination (EDSS), ophthalmological examination, spectral-domain OCT, and visual evoked potentials (VEP).
- Analysis focused on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses.
Main Results:
- MS patients exhibited significantly reduced pRNFL thickness compared to controls (P<0.001).
- Significant reductions were observed in inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer plexiform layer (OPL) thicknesses.
- pRNFL and GCIPL atrophy correlated significantly with a history of multiple sclerosis-optic neuritis (MS-ON) and higher EDSS scores.
- pRNFL atrophy correlated with visual acuity and increased P100 wave latency in VEP.
- pRNFL was preserved in primary progressive MS but atrophied in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive forms.
Conclusions:
- OCT is a valuable tool for quantifying neurodegeneration in MS patients.
- Retinal layer atrophy, particularly pRNFL and GCIPL, is associated with clinical disability and electrophysiological changes in MS.
- OCT measurements can aid in monitoring disease progression and treatment response in MS.
Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisNeurodegenerationNeurodégénérescenceNévrite optiqueOptic neuritisOptical coherence tomographySclérose en plaquesTomographie par cohérence optiqueMore Related Videos
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