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Automated quantification of Enchytraeus crypticus juveniles in different soil types using RootPainter.

Bart G van Hall1, Cornelis A M van Gestel1

  • 1Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|December 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Automating enchytraeid soil toxicity tests with RootPainter significantly improves efficiency. This deep learning tool accurately quantifies Enchytraeus crypticus juveniles, replacing time-consuming manual counting in ecotoxicity assessments.

Keywords:
EcotoxicologyInteractive machine learningSoil image analysisSoil organism countingToxicity tests

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Soil science

Background:

  • Manual quantification of enchytraeid juveniles in soil toxicity tests is laborious and subjective.
  • Deep learning offers potential for automating these counts, improving accuracy and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate RootPainter, a deep learning tool, for automated quantification of Enchytraeus crypticus juveniles.
  • To assess the reliability and accuracy of RootPainter across different soil types and pesticide exposures.

Main Methods:

  • Toxicity tests were conducted following OECD guideline 220 with five pesticides and four soil types.
  • Enchytraeus crypticus juvenile counts were performed manually by three operators and automatically using RootPainter.
  • Correlations between manual and automated counts were analyzed using Pearson's and intraclass comparability coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Strong and significant correlations (Pearson's r ≥ 0.955, ICC ≥ 0.936) were observed between automated and manual counts across all soils and operators.
  • Toxicity endpoints (EC50, EC10) derived from automated counts were consistent with manual counts (factor 0.85–1.30).

Conclusions:

  • RootPainter provides a reliable, repeatable, and accurate method for quantifying enchytraeid juveniles.
  • Automated quantification using RootPainter effectively eliminates the need for time-consuming manual counting in ecotoxicity studies.