Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 2, 2026
Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research
Published on: January 5, 2024
tREatment of trIaNgular FibrOcaRtilage ComplEx Ruptures (REINFORCER): protocol for randomised, controlled, blinded,
Antti Kaivorinne1,2, Mikko Petteri Räisänen3,4, Teemu Karjalainen5
1Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Introduction:
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tear is often considered to be the cause of ulnar wrist pain. The primary treatment typically involves non-operative methods; however, in cases of persistent symptoms, operative intervention has been proposed as a viable option. Depending on the tear's morphology, treatment may involve debridement (central or radial tear) or repair (peripheral tear). Efficacy of operative treatment has not been studied in a randomised controlled trial.
Methods And Analysis:
This is a prospective, randomised, controlled, blinded multicentre trial, with two randomisation stratums. The first stratum includes central or radial TFCC tears, while the second stratum comprises peripheral TFCC tears. Each stratum consists of two parallel 1:1 arms, comparing the efficacy of (1) debridement of central or radial tear with placebo surgery and (2) repair of peripheral tear with physiotherapy. Participants are recruited from secondary and tertiary referral hospitals in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.Primary outcome is the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) at 1 year. Secondary outcomes include subjective and objective outcome measures at 6 months, 1, 2, 5 and 10 years follow-ups.
Ethics And Dissemination:
The trial was approved by the Pirkanmaa Hospital District Institutional Review Board in March 2020. All participants will be asked to give a written informed consent. The results of the trial will be disseminated as published articles in peer-reviewed journals.
Trial Registration Number:
NCT04576169.
