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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Ectopic Thyroid Nodule Hyperplasia: A Case Report.

Ali Mardassi1, Hajer Turki2, Rana Alasaad3

  • 1ENT Department, West Bay Medicare Hospital, Doha, Qatar.

The American Journal of Case Reports
|December 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of ectopic thyroid nodule hyperplasia, a thyroid dysgenesis defect, was surgically removed from a patient presenting with neck mass and dysphagia. Histopathology confirmed the ectopic thyroid tissue, with successful excision and full recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue, a rare congenital anomaly resulting from abnormal gland migration, can present as a cervical mass.
  • Thyroid dysgenesis encompasses various developmental defects affecting thyroid gland formation and descent.

Observation:

  • A 48-year-old man presented with dysphagia and a 6-month history of a progressively growing anterior neck mass.
  • Imaging revealed a mass attached to the larynx, separate from a normally positioned multinodular thyroid gland.
  • Surgical excision yielded a 60x40 mm encapsulated ectopic thyroid mass without signs of malignancy.

Findings:

  • Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed the ectopic thyroid mass.
  • The patient experienced rapid recovery, symptom improvement, and maintained normal thyroid function post-surgery.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering ectopic thyroid tissue in the differential diagnosis of cervical masses.

Implications:

  • Nonspecific symptoms like dysphagia can indicate ectopic thyroid tissue growth.
  • Neck imaging and fine-needle aspiration are crucial for diagnosis and characterization.
  • Surgical excision and histological analysis are essential for definitive diagnosis and to rule out neoplasms.