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Anisotropic Strain Evolution of Layered LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode in Formation Cycle
Kaili Li1, Weixin Chen1, Zhiling Liu1
1School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 12, 2024
Summary
The initial charging of lithium-ion battery cathodes causes structural changes and capacity loss. This process self-adjusts to create a stable electrode for long-lasting, high-energy batteries.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Battery Technology
Background:
- The formation process is critical for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
- Understanding structural evolution during formation is key to optimizing electrode materials.
- Layered transition metal oxides are widely used as cathode materials in LIBs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the structural evolution of layered LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes during the formation cycle.
- To elucidate the interplay between phase transitions, strain, and structural self-adaptation.
- To understand the origins of initial capacity loss and its role in long-term stability.
Main Methods:
- In-situ/operando characterization techniques to monitor structural changes during the first charge.
- Analysis of bulk and surface structural modifications.
- Correlation of structural evolution with electrochemical performance.
Main Results:
- Continuous phase emergence, lattice mismatches, and inhomogeneous strain occur during initial charging.
- Irreversible lattice oxygen loss, cation mixing, and surface rock-salt phase formation contribute to initial capacity fade.
- The initial capacity loss acts as a self-adjustment mechanism, relieving strain and stabilizing the structure.
Conclusions:
- The formation cycle is crucial for developing robust layered cathodes.
- Structural self-adaptation during formation enhances long-term electrochemical stability.
- These findings provide insights for designing advanced cathode materials for rechargeable batteries.
