Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026
07:42
An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
Published on: May 19, 2020
Mitral valve prolapse and ruptured chordae tendineae
The American Journal of Cardiology
|January 1, 1985
Summary
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the primary cause of spontaneous chordal rupture in most patients. This condition often underlies valve issues, even in young individuals, without prior infection.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Cardiac Surgery
- Pathology
Background:
- Chordae tendineae rupture can lead to severe mitral regurgitation.
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common valvular heart disease with suspected links to chordal rupture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the etiologic role of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in the pathogenesis of chordae tendineae rupture.
- To identify underlying causes of spontaneous chordal rupture.
Main Methods:
- Surgical examination of mitral valves in 25 patients with chordal rupture.
- Morphological and histological assessment for mitral valve prolapse (MVP).
- Review of patient history and diagnostic evidence (auscultation, angiography, echocardiography).
Main Results:
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was identified as the underlying abnormality in 88% (22 of 25) of patients with chordal rupture.
- Infective endocarditis was the cause of rupture in only one patient.
- MVP was diagnosed in 4 pediatric patients (ages 4-11) before chordal rupture, with no history of endocarditis.
Conclusions:
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most frequent underlying cause of so-called spontaneous chordal rupture.
- MVP represents the primary morphologic abnormality predisposing to chordal rupture, independent of infective endocarditis in most cases.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
01:22Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
01:19Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management
The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
01:20Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
01:23Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
01:22Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...