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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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Lead-Free Manganese Halide Perovskite for Minute-Level Dynamic Time-Gating Anticounterfeiting.

Yao Ju1, Junfeng Qu1, Yuru Duan1

  • 1School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel minute-level dynamic time-gating anticounterfeiting technology uses ethanol-induced phase transitions in manganese bromide crystals. This method enhances security by extending decryption time, making it harder to counterfeit compared to existing phosphorescence techniques.

Keywords:
dynamic anticounterfeitinglead-free perovskiteminute-levelphase transitiontime-gating

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Optics

Background:

  • Dynamic time-gating anticounterfeiting is a growing research area.
  • Current methods using phosphorescence materials have short switching times, enabling easy decryption.
  • Existing technologies are vulnerable to simple UV light manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new minute-level dynamic time-gating anticounterfeiting technology.
  • To overcome the limitations of short switching times in existing methods.
  • To enhance the security and practical value of anticounterfeiting technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ethanol-induced phase transition between red-emitting CsMnBr3 and green-emitting Cs3MnBr5 crystals.
  • Investigated the dissolution of MnBr2·2H2O in ethanol as the trigger for phase transition.
  • Adjusted phase transition times by incorporating varying concentrations of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a minute-level phase transition controllable by ethanol stimulus.
  • Successfully designed anticounterfeiting information ('SEO') visible only within specific time windows.
  • Observed false information ('SEU' or '888') outside the designated time or stimulus conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technology offers significantly increased decryption difficulty compared to phosphorescence-based methods.
  • The use of non-toxic materials and a common stimulus (ethanol) ensures high practical applicability.
  • This phase-transition-based approach represents a significant advancement in dynamic time-gating anticounterfeiting.