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Abscesses due to Melioidosis: A case-based review

Nitin Gupta1,2, Sundeep Malla3, Carl Boodman2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.

Current Research in Microbial Sciences
|December 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Melioidosis, a serious infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, often presents as abscesses in various organs. This study reviews nine cases, highlighting diverse clinical presentations and locations of these abscesses.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium prevalent in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Northern Australia.
  • Risk factors include diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression, increasing susceptibility to infection.
  • Infection occurs via percutaneous inoculation or inhalation, leading to acute sepsis or chronic abscess formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present representative cases of melioidosis presenting with abscesses.
  • To review the literature on organ-specific abscesses caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.
  • To illustrate the diverse clinical manifestations of melioidosis.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of nine patients with melioidosis-related abscesses.
  • Detailed review of the literature on melioidosis abscesses in various organs.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Nine distinct cases of melioidosis abscesses were identified in the lung, skin, bone/joint, prostate, parotid gland, liver, spleen, brain, and orbits.
  • Patients exhibited varied clinical courses, from acute sepsis to subacute/chronic presentations.
  • Literature review confirmed the wide range of organ involvement in melioidosis.

Conclusions:

  • Melioidosis can manifest as abscesses in virtually any organ.
  • Recognizing diverse presentations is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.
  • Further research into management strategies for melioidosis abscesses is warranted.
Keywords:
AbscessBurkholderia pseudomalleiMelioidosisSouth Asia

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