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Palmitoylethanolamide causes dose-dependent changes in brain function and the lipidome.

Shreyas Balaji1, Taylor J Woodward2, Emily Richter2

  • 1Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|December 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) alters brain activity and lipid profiles in rats. This common nutraceutical decreases brain activity but increases functional connectivity, impacting numerous brain lipids.

Keywords:
BOLD imagingcerebellumendocannabinoidsfunctional connectivitylipidomicssensorimotor cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Nutraceutical Research

Background:

  • Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a widely used nutraceutical.
  • Its effects on brain function and lipid chemistry are not well understood.
  • Novel research approaches are needed to investigate PEA's impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of PEA on brain function using MRI.
  • To analyze changes in lipid chemistry, specifically endogenous lipids (endolipids), following PEA treatment.
  • To establish a comprehensive understanding of PEA's impact on the central nervous system (CNS).

Main Methods:

  • Awake rats were administered varying doses of PEA (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or a vehicle.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to measure changes in Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal and functional connectivity.
  • Plasma and CNS levels of PEA and over 80 endolipids were quantified using broad-scale lipidomics.

Main Results:

  • An inverse dose-response was observed for negative BOLD signal, indicating decreased brain activity in areas like the prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortices, basal ganglia, and thalamus.
  • A dose-dependent increase in functional connectivity was noted in the same brain regions.
  • CNS levels of PEA increased with higher doses, while levels of anandamide and other endolipids significantly decreased.
  • Over 50% of detected endolipids showed modulation in at least one CNS region.

Conclusions:

  • PEA treatment significantly alters brain activity and functional connectivity in rats.
  • PEA significantly impacts the endogenous lipid profile within the CNS.
  • These findings suggest PEA drives substantial changes in CNS activity and neurochemistry.