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Published on: February 12, 2021
The impact of mild COVID-19 on medium-term respiratory function
J van Heerden1,2, H Strijdom2, A Parker3
1Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Mild COVID-19 can lead to lasting respiratory issues, particularly reduced lung diffusing capacity, even in individuals who didn't seek healthcare. Higher body mass index (BMI) is linked to poorer lung function outcomes post-infection.
Area of Science:
- Respiratory Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Limited evidence exists on the respiratory effects of mild COVID-19 in individuals not seeking medical care.
- Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection can have undiagnosed medium-term impacts on lung function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of mild COVID-19 on respiratory function in non-healthcare-seeking individuals.
- To identify predictors of decreased lung function following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 175 individuals with confirmed mild COVID-19.
- Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including spirometry and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), were performed at 6, 12, and 24 months post-infection.
- 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) tests were also conducted.
Main Results:
- Reduced DLCO was the most frequent abnormality (57%), indicating impaired gas exchange.
- Spirometry revealed obstructive (10%) and restrictive (13%) impairments.
- Increased BMI was significantly associated with lower PFT results and 6MWD.
Conclusions:
- Mild COVID-19 can result in persistent reductions in lung function, particularly DLCO, up to two years post-infection.
- High BMI is an independent risk factor for diminished respiratory function and exercise capacity after mild SARS-CoV-2.
- Even mild COVID-19 cases warrant consideration for potential long-term respiratory sequelae.
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