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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
938
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.0K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

4.9K
When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
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Anisotropic exchange interaction of two hole-spin qubits.

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|December 12, 2024
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Researchers demonstrated tunable two-qubit gates using silicon hole spin qubits, overcoming a key challenge for scalable quantum computing. This advance utilizes spin-orbit interaction for fast, high-fidelity quantum operations in industrial transistor technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Semiconductor physics
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Semiconductor spin qubits, particularly silicon hole spin qubits, offer potential for large-scale quantum computers due to fast all-electrical control.
  • Overcoming charge and nuclear spin noise is crucial, with sweet spots offering a partial solution.
  • A significant hurdle has been demonstrating reliable two-qubit interactions, particularly understanding exchange coupling under strong spin-orbit interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the exchange coupling between two hole-spin qubits in a silicon fin field-effect transistor.
  • To demonstrate electrical tunability of qubit interactions and achieve fast, high-fidelity two-qubit gates.
  • To explore the role of spin-orbit interaction in anisotropic exchange and its implications for quantum gate design.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of two coupled hole-spin qubits within a silicon fin field-effect transistor.
  • Electrical manipulation of the exchange interaction between qubits, tuning it from 500 MHz to near zero.
  • Implementation and timing of a conditional spin-flip operation, achieving a 24 ns gate time.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated electrical tunability of exchange splitting in silicon hole spin qubits.
  • Achieved a conditional spin-flip operation in 24 nanoseconds.
  • Observed anisotropic exchange coupling due to spin-orbit interaction, leading to spin rotation during tunneling.
  • Showcased engineered exchange Hamiltonians enabling high-fidelity, fast two-qubit controlled rotation gates independent of magnetic field orientation.

Conclusions:

  • The engineered anisotropic exchange interaction in silicon hole spin qubits circumvents the typical speed-fidelity trade-off for controlled rotation gates.
  • This approach is robust across various magnetic field orientations and qubit variations.
  • The findings present a promising pathway for realizing large-scale quantum computers using industrial semiconductor technology.