Aided Communication With Individuals Who Have Multiple Disabilities That Include Visual Impairments: A Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Assistive Technology
• Communication Sciences
• Special Education

Background:

• Limited research exists on early symbolic communication interventions for individuals with multiple disabilities and visual impairments.
• Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) offers potential solutions for this underserved population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a meta-analysis examining AAC intervention approaches for individuals with multiple disabilities, specifically including those with visual impairments.
• To synthesize current knowledge on aided language adaptations for this population.

Main Methods:

• Systematic search of six relevant databases.
• Inclusion of eight intervention studies meeting specific design standards for the meta-analysis.

Main Results:

• Five studies utilized modified Picture Exchange Communication System; three used combined approaches (e.g., partner instruction, environmental arrangement).
• Low-tech AAC (tangible symbols, photo cues, communication books) was common, primarily targeting independent requesting.
• Positive findings emerged for pragmatic language skills (requesting, turn-taking, peer interaction), but participant numbers were very low (N=19).

Conclusions:

• Visual impairment accommodations in aided AAC interventions appear effective.
• Consultation with visual impairment specialists was inconsistently reported.
• Further rigorous research is essential to inform clinical practice and develop comprehensive communication strategies beyond basic requesting for individuals with multiple disabilities and visual impairments.