Green synthesis of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) fertiliser: production via plasma water/ice interaction with air and NH3 plasma
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.This study presents a sustainable method for producing ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) using plasma activated water (PAW). The process efficiently generates nitrate and ammonium ions, offering a greener alternative for fertilizer production.
Area Of Science
- Green Chemistry
- Plasma Science
- Materials Science
Background
- Traditional ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) synthesis is energy-intensive and relies on harsh chemicals.
- There is a growing need for sustainable and environmentally friendly methods in chemical production.
- Plasma activated water (PAW) offers a novel medium for chemical synthesis due to its unique reactive species.
Purpose Of The Study
- To develop a green and sustainable method for synthesizing ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) using plasma activated water (PAW).
- To investigate the influence of process parameters on the generation of nitrate (<math><msubsup><mrow><mi>NO</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></math>) and ammonium (<math><msubsup><mrow><mi>NH</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>) ions in PAW.
- To evaluate the energy efficiency and potential agricultural applications of the synthesized NH₄NO₃.
Main Methods
- Nitrate ions (<math><msubsup><mrow><mi>NO</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></math>) were generated through air plasma treatment of water.
- Ammonium ions (<math><msubsup><mrow><mi>NH</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>) were introduced by exposing nitrate-rich PAW to low-pressure ammonia (NH₃) plasma in a frozen state.
- Process parameters such as NH₃ gas pressure, applied voltage, and treatment time were systematically varied.
Main Results
- Ammonia plasma treatment time significantly impacted <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>NH</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> ion concentration, increasing it by 134.2% with extended treatment.
- Maximum concentrations achieved were 168.2 mg L<sup>-</sup>¹ for <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>NH</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> and 63.5 mg L<sup>-</sup>¹ for <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>NO</mi></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></math>.
- The process yielded 27.6 mg NH₄NO₃ kWh<sup>-</sup>¹ with a neutral to slightly basic PAW, suitable for agriculture.
Conclusions
- The developed PAW-based method offers a sustainable and energy-efficient route for NH₄NO₃ synthesis.
- Optimized plasma treatment parameters are crucial for maximizing ion yield and product formation.
- This green synthesis approach presents a viable alternative to conventional NH₄NO₃ production, with potential benefits for agriculture.
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