Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of Electrophysiological and Transcriptomic Alterations in Patient-Derived Neurons from CHAMP1 Syndrome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Differentiation-coupled formation of core clock protein interactions in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Region-specific cortico-striatal transcriptomic remodeling following early postnatal dopaminergic disturbance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cryptochrome Loss Drives COPD-like Lung Pathology through Disrupted Alveolar Epithelial Proliferation and Immune Homeostasis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Taming autoimmunity: Alpha-1 antitrypsin overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells promote regulatory T cell crosstalk to reverse diabetes.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

Copper deficiency impairs oligodendrocyte maturation and social behavior via mitophagy and mTOR suppression in ASD.

Science advances·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

12.4K

A long noncoding eRNA forms R-loops to shape emotional experience-induced behavioral adaptation.

Rose Marie Akiki1,2, Rebecca G Cornbrooks1, Kosuke Magami1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel long noncoding enhancer RNA (lnc-eRNA) and its R-loop structure regulate Npas4 gene expression. This mechanism is crucial for behavioral adaptations to stress and cocaine exposure in mice.

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.3K
Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

12.4K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.3K
Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Emotional experiences induce neural plasticity, influencing behavior and contributing to mood and substance use disorders.
  • Immediate-early response genes, like Npas4 (neuronal PAS domain protein 4), are activated by experience and support these adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of a specific long noncoding enhancer RNA (lnc-eRNA) in regulating Npas4 gene expression.
  • To determine the function of lnc-eRNA-mediated R-loop structures in chromatin organization and gene induction.
  • To elucidate the involvement of this regulatory mechanism in behavioral adaptations to stress and drug exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a conserved lnc-eRNA transcribed from an activity-sensitive enhancer.
  • Investigation of DNA:RNA hybrid R-loop formation and its role in enhancer-promoter looping.
  • Assessment of Npas4 gene induction dynamics.
  • Utilizing mouse models to study behavioral changes following chronic psychosocial stress and cocaine exposure.

Main Results:

  • A conserved lnc-eRNA forms R-loop structures at an activity-sensitive enhancer.
  • These R-loops facilitate three-dimensional chromatin looping between the enhancer and the Npas4 proximal promoter.
  • This process leads to rapid Npas4 gene induction.
  • The Npas4 lnc-eRNA and its R-loop are essential for behavioral adaptations induced by chronic stress and cocaine exposure in mice.

Conclusions:

  • A novel regulatory mechanism involving lnc-eRNA and R-loops controls Npas4 gene expression.
  • This mechanism plays a critical role in mediating behavioral plasticity in response to emotional experiences, including stress and substance use.
  • The findings suggest a potential therapeutic target for mood and substance use disorders.