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Related Concept Videos

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries: Theories, Challenges and Perspectives.

Hanjie Si1,2, Jun Ma1,2, Xiao Xia1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 12, 2024
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Summary

Solid-state sodium-ion batteries offer a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries. This review explores their potential, challenges like low ionic conductivity, and interface modification strategies for enhanced performance and commercialization.

Keywords:
ChallengesPerspectivesReviewSodium-ion batteriesSolid electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a cost-effective, sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to abundant sodium resources.
  • Solid-state SIBs offer enhanced safety and energy density, showing promise for electric vehicles and grid storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the fundamental principles of solid-state sodium-ion batteries.
  • To identify key scientific challenges hindering their commercialization, focusing on solid electrolytes.
  • To explore interface modification techniques for improving solid-state electrolyte performance.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on solid-state sodium-ion battery technology.
  • Analysis of working principles, electrode materials, and solid electrolyte characteristics.
  • Discussion of interface modification strategies and their impact on performance.

Main Results:

  • Identified low room-temperature ionic conductivity and high interfacial impedance as critical issues.
  • Highlighted poor electrode-electrolyte compatibility as a significant barrier.
  • Reviewed interface modification as a promising approach to overcome these challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-state sodium-ion batteries hold significant potential but require further research into solid electrolytes and interfaces.
  • Interface engineering is crucial for enhancing ionic conductivity and reducing impedance.
  • This review provides theoretical guidance for accelerating the development and industrial application of solid-state SIBs.