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An actin bracket-induced elastoplastic transition determines epithelial folding irreversibility.

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Epithelial cells control irreversible folding during organ development. Cells switch between elastic and plastic responses based on folding duration and curvature, guided by F-actin structures and mechanosensitive pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Epithelial sheets fold during morphogenesis to create 3D organ structures.
  • The irreversibility of these folds ensures directional progression of development.
  • The underlying mechanisms for this irreversibility are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical properties of epithelia that govern folding irreversibility.
  • To identify the cellular mechanisms responsible for establishing irreversible epithelial folds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mechanical assay to apply controlled folding to epithelial sheets.
  • Analyzed cellular responses to varying folding curvature and duration.
  • Investigated the role of F-actin accumulation and mechanosensitive signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • High-curvature, long-term folding induced plastic, irreversible deformations.
  • Short-term or low-curvature folding resulted in elastic, shape-restoring responses.
  • An elastic-plastic transition was observed, triggered by F-actin bracket formation via mechanosensitive pathways (TRPC 3/6, EGFR).

Conclusions:

  • Epithelial cells possess a mechanism to control folding irreversibility.
  • Cells adaptively switch between elastic and plastic responses based on folding characteristics.
  • This provides mechanical insight into the directional nature of morphogenesis.