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Long-term Health Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Prospective Study on Post-coronavirus Disease 2019

Akshatha Savith1, Ameena Meah, Ramya Shapur Sridhar Murthy

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Annals of African Medicine
|December 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Long COVID symptoms persist in about a third of patients one year after infection, with fatigue being most common. These long-term effects occur regardless of initial COVID-19 severity.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Persistent symptoms and new-onset issues following COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection can impair daily activities.
  • Understanding the long-term health implications of COVID-19 is crucial for patient recovery and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms at 1, 3, and 12 months post-discharge.
  • To analyze the correlation between post-COVID-19 symptoms and the severity of infection and inflammatory markers during hospitalization.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study involving 150 adult COVID-19 patients.
  • Follow-up for 1 year with telephonic interviews to assess post-COVID-19 symptoms.
  • Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Chi-square test, Independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test.

Main Results:

  • 67% of patients reported symptoms at 1 month, 39% at 3 months, and 31% at 1 year post-discharge.
  • The most frequent symptoms at 1 year were fatigue, breathlessness, and insomnia (all 5%).
  • No significant correlation was found between post-COVID-19 symptoms and infection severity or inflammatory markers.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately one-third of individuals may experience persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms up to one year after acute infection.
  • Fatigue is identified as the most common long-term symptom following COVID-19.
  • The occurrence of post-COVID-19 symptoms is independent of the initial infection's severity.
Abstract

Keywords:
Coronavirus disease 2019 infectionLong covid syndromelong coronavirus disease 2019 syndromepost covid syndromepost-coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome

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