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Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with MOGAD

Giorgia T Maniscalco1,2, Alessandro Dinoto3, Maria C Foglia4

  • 1Neurological Clinic and Stroke Unit, Multiple Sclerosis Regional Center, "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|December 13, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies are significantly higher in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to those with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), suggesting distinct roles in disease pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a known risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Limited data exist regarding EBV serological status in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serological status between patients with MOGAD and MS.

Main Methods:

  • Antibodies to EBV antigens (EBNA-1 and VCA) were quantified using chemiluminescence immunoassays.
  • The study included 129 patients: 74 with MS and 55 with MOGAD.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of VCA-IgG antibodies in both MS (97.3%) and MOGAD (96.4%) cohorts.
  • Significantly lower detection rates of EBNA-1-IgG in MOGAD (80%) compared to MS (97.3%) (p = 0.001).
  • Elevated levels of EBNA-1-IgG (p < 0.001) and VCA-IgG (p = 0.03) antibodies were observed in MS patients versus MOGAD patients.

Conclusions:

  • EBV antibody levels differ between MS and MOGAD.
  • These findings suggest a potentially distinct role for EBV in the pathogenesis of MS and MOGAD.
Keywords:
EBNA-1EBVEpstein-Barr virusMOGMOGADVCAmyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinserology

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