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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Investigating Fire-Atmosphere Interaction in a Forest Canopy Using Wavelets.

Ajinkya Desai1, Clément Guilloteau1, Warren E Heilman2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.

Boundary-Layer Meteorology
|December 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wildland fires create complex turbulence. This study used wavelet analysis to find characteristic time scales of fire-induced temperature and flux patterns, revealing shorter ramp durations and higher slopes than normal.

Keywords:
Cross-wavelet coherenceHeading surface fireHeat/momentum fluxesRamp–cliff structuresTime–frequency plane

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Wildland Fire Dynamics
  • Turbulence Research

Background:

  • Wildland fire-atmosphere interactions produce complex, multi-scale turbulence.
  • This turbulence influences fire spread, firebrand transport, and smoke dispersion.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for accurate fire behavior modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristic temporal scales of coherent patterns in temperature and turbulent fluxes during a wind-driven forest fire.
  • To analyze how fire influences turbulence structures and their evolution using wavelet techniques.
  • To provide insights for improving wildland fire and scalar transport models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized wavelet-based techniques to analyze temperature and velocity measurements from tower-mounted sonic anemometers.
  • Examined energy density on time-frequency planes to identify temporal scales of turbulence.
  • Employed cross-wavelet coherence analysis to study heat and momentum flux events near the canopy top.

Main Results:

  • Identified fire-modulated ramp-cliff structures in temperature with shorter durations and steeper slopes than ambient conditions.
  • Observed fire-induced heat-flux events coherent down to 1-second periods, distinct from ambient events above 17 seconds.
  • Documented shifts in turbulence characteristics near the canopy top as the fire front evolved, indicating changing flame influence and atmospheric variability.

Conclusions:

  • Wavelet analysis reveals distinct temporal scales for fire-induced turbulence features.
  • Understanding these scales is key to developing more reliable wildland fire behavior and transport models.
  • The study provides a quantitative basis for fire-atmosphere interaction dynamics across multiple scales.