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Diversion as a Pathway to Improving Service Utilization Among At-Risk Youth.

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The Safety Net program increased outpatient behavioral health and primary care visits for justice-involved youth. This diversion program improved access to services for adolescents with mental illness.

Keywords:
diversionhealthcare service utilizationjuvenile justicemental health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Services Research
  • Juvenile Justice

Background:

  • Youth in the juvenile justice system experience high rates of mental illness.
  • Many justice-involved youth lack access to adequate behavioral health services.
  • Precomplaint diversion programs aim to connect youth with community resources before formal legal action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare health service utilization between youth diverted by the Safety Net program and those with juvenile justice involvement.
  • To evaluate the impact of the Safety Net program on healthcare service use.
  • To determine if precomplaint diversion improves access to behavioral health and primary care.

Main Methods:

  • A difference-in-differences approach with propensity score weighting was employed.
  • Individual arrest and healthcare records were analyzed.
  • Health service utilization (inpatient, outpatient, ED, primary care) was assessed before and after initial police contact.

Main Results:

  • Safety Net youth showed a significant increase in psychiatric outpatient visits (26%).
  • Youth with diagnosed mental illness in Safety Net had increased psychiatric outpatient (19%) and primary care (12%) visits.
  • No significant differences were observed in emergency department visits or hospitalizations.

Conclusions:

  • Precomplaint diversion through Safety Net enhances access to outpatient behavioral health services.
  • The program also improves access to primary care for justice-involved youth.
  • Safety Net effectively addresses underlying issues contributing to police contact among adolescents.