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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Anorexia Nervosa01:28

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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

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Dietary Restraint Fallacy.

Anita Jansen1

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

The International Journal of Eating Disorders
|December 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Challenging decades of thought, new research suggests that rigid dietary restraint may reduce binge eating and aid weight loss, contrary to previous assumptions in eating disorder treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Eating Disorders

Background:

  • Prevailing assumption: dietary restraint leads to weight gain and binge eating.
  • This led to recommendations to reduce restraint in eating disorder and obesity treatments.
  • Recent findings challenge this established view.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Critically evaluate evidence linking dietary restraint to overeating.
  • Examine limitations of previous research methodologies.
  • Propose alternative explanations for overeating tendencies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of longitudinal and observational studies.
  • Re-evaluation of early laboratory research findings.
  • Consideration of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and experiments manipulating calorie intake.
Keywords:
calorie restrictiondietary restrainteating disordersobesity

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Main Results:

  • Rigid dietary restraint associated with reduced binge frequency and greater weight loss.
  • RCTs demonstrate calorie restriction improves eating control and reduces symptoms.
  • Self-reported restraint may not accurately reflect actual calorie restriction.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive factors (food cue reactivity, executive skills, reward sensitivity) may drive overeating, leading to attempted restraint (reverse causality).
  • Dietary restraint may not directly cause overeating.
  • Hypothesis: consuming whole foods while avoiding ultra-processed foods may benefit eating and weight disorder prevention/treatment.