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    This study presents a polarization-insensitive thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder switch (PIMZS) for optical systems. The novel design achieves low loss and high extinction ratios for all polarization states.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Random polarization states in optical systems necessitate polarization-insensitive photonic switches.
    • Thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder switches are key components in optical communication networks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a polarization-insensitive 2x2 thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder switch (PIMZS).
    • To achieve low loss and high extinction ratios across the C-band for all polarization states.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of low-loss polarization-insensitive multimode interference (PIMMI) couplers with optimized core width.
    • Fabrication on a 340-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform.
    • Characterization of the switch performance across the C-band.

    Main Results:

    • The fabricated PIMZS demonstrated low excess loss ranging from 0.15-0.79 dB.
    • A high extinction ratio exceeding 24 dB was achieved for both polarizations.
    • Low polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of less than 0.47 dB was obtained across the C-band.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed PIMZS effectively addresses the challenge of random polarization states in optical systems.
    • The device offers excellent optical performance, making it suitable for advanced photonic applications.