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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

23.3K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
23.3K
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

12.9K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
12.9K
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

16.7K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
16.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.0K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.0K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

3.8K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
3.8K
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

5.7K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
5.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

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Spin-orbit interaction-mediated measurement of surface chirality.

Upasana Baishya, Nirmal K Viswanathan

    Optics Letters
    |December 13, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    Spin-orbit interaction in light beams creates unique polarization patterns. This phenomenon allows for the transformation of optical vortices, enabling precise measurement of material chirality.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Spin-orbit interaction in light beams leads to spatially non-uniform polarization.
    • This effect arises from the superposition of orthogonal field components and polarization-dependent interface reflections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the transformation of optical vortices induced by spin-orbit interaction.
    • To utilize this transformation for quantifying the chiral parameter of materials.

    Main Methods:

    • Focused-reflected light beam experiments.
    • Polarization filtering of the output beam.
    • Jones matrix-based simulations.
    • Experimental measurement of vortex trajectories.

    More Related Videos

    A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
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    Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence
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    Related Experiment Videos

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    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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    Main Results:

    • An interchangeable transformation of l=∓2 charge vortex into two (∓) unit charge vortices was observed for σ=±1 circular polarization.
    • The transformation follows a predictable optical vortex trajectory dependent on input beam polarization and surface characteristics.
    • The vortex trajectory was successfully used to quantify the sign and magnitude of a quartz crystal's chiral parameter.

    Conclusions:

    • The spin-orbit interaction provides a novel method for optical vortex manipulation.
    • Optical vortex trajectory analysis is a viable technique for characterizing material chirality.
    • Experimental results align with theoretical predictions from Jones matrix simulations.