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    Scalar illumination in a single-lens optical system can encode information from two objects. This allows for sequential or concurrent imaging, utilizing average intensity and spatial coherence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Information Optics

    Background:

    • Scalar illumination is fundamental in linear optical systems.
    • Partially coherent beams possess unique properties like average intensity and spatial coherence.
    • Distinguishing information from multiple objects in a single optical channel presents challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate that scalar illumination can carry information from two axially separated objects.
    • To show that images of both objects can be retrieved, even with arbitrary lateral overlap.
    • To explore the use of average intensity and spatial coherence as degrees of freedom in an optical channel.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental setup using a linear optical system with a single lens.
    • Utilizing scalar illumination properties of partially coherent beams.
    • Employing sequential imaging by adjusting camera placement and concurrent imaging with a beam splitter.

    Main Results:

    • Scalar illumination experimentally shown to encode information from two distinct objects.
    • Successful retrieval of images for both objects, irrespective of lateral overlap.
    • Demonstration of sequential and concurrent imaging techniques for object information extraction.

    Conclusions:

    • Scalar illumination in a single-lens system is a viable method for multiplexing information from multiple objects.
    • Average intensity and spatial coherence state are effective degrees of freedom for information encoding and retrieval.
    • This technique offers a novel approach to optical information processing and imaging.