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Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

141
Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

53
When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Introduction to Types of Flows01:23

Introduction to Types of Flows

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Fluid flows are categorized by dimensionality and behavior, with one-dimensional flow being the simplest form, where properties like velocity and pressure change only along a single axis. Water moving through straight pipes exemplifies this flow type, as variations in other directions are minimal. One-dimensional analysis helps simplify understanding such flows, focusing solely on changes along the pipe's length.
Two-dimensional flow involves changes in both length and height, as seen in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Phase transitions in anisotropic turbulence.

Adrian van Kan1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|December 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fluid turbulence transitions between different states, like 2D vs. 3D flows, reveal complex behaviors near critical points. This study surveys recent findings on these rich transition dynamics in anisotropic turbulence.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Nonlinear dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Turbulence is a complex fluid state with nonlinear interactions across scales.
  • Turbulent flows exhibit diverse behaviors, e.g., forward energy cascade in 3D vs. inverse cascade in 2D.
  • Transitions between distinct turbulent regimes occur at critical parameter values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey recent findings on transitions in highly anisotropic turbulent fluid flows.
  • To review transitions induced by turbulent fluctuations.
  • To discuss the implications of these findings for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent experimental and theoretical studies on turbulent transitions.
  • Analysis of transitions in specific systems like thin layers and rapidly rotating flows.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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  • Examination of transitions driven by turbulent fluctuations, including vortex-jet dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Transitions between distinct turbulent phases exhibit unexpectedly rich behavior.
    • Anisotropic turbulence, including in thin layers and rotating systems, shows unique transition characteristics.
    • Turbulent fluctuations can induce significant transitions, altering flow structures.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding turbulence transitions is crucial for diverse physical systems.
    • Anisotropic and fluctuation-induced transitions offer new avenues for turbulence research.
    • These findings have broad ramifications for fundamental fluid dynamics and applied sciences.