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How do drivers perceive collision risk? A quantitative exploration in generalized two-dimensional scenarios.
Jinghua Wang1, Guangquan Lu2, Wenmin Long1
1School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|December 13, 2024
Summary
This study introduces the two-dimensional safety margin (TSM) to quantify perceived risk in driving, improving generalized driving behavior models and autonomous driving systems. TSM offers a scenario-independent measure of driver risk perception.
Area of Science:
- Traffic dynamics and autonomous driving systems.
- Human-computer interaction and behavioral psychology.
Background:
- Existing driving behavior models struggle with dynamic scenarios and generalized movements.
- Risk Homeostasis Theory (RHT) provides a framework for understanding risk behavior, but quantifying perceived risk is challenging.
- Current RHT applications in driving use one-dimensional indicators, lacking generalized risk perception measures for complex scenarios.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a novel, two-dimensional safety margin (TSM) for quantifying perceived risk in generalized driving scenarios.
- To enhance the modeling of driving behavior by providing a more comprehensive risk indicator.
- To support the development and testing of autonomous driving systems by accurately representing driver risk perception.
Main Methods:
- Developed the two-dimensional safety margin (TSM) considering collision avoidance from the driver's perspective.
- Applied TSM to model car-following behavior in generalized two-dimensional driving scenarios.
- Compared TSM's performance against existing one-dimensional risk indicators.
Main Results:
- TSM demonstrated a 9.1% improvement in correlation for car-following behavior modeling compared to existing indicators.
- TSM accurately captured individual differences in risk perception among drivers in conflict situations.
- TSM exhibited risk homeostasis, showing normally distributed target levels and achieving scenario-independent risk quantification (mean target level of 0.85).
Conclusions:
- The two-dimensional safety margin (TSM) is a robust measure of driver risk perception in complex, two-dimensional driving scenarios.
- TSM enhances the accuracy and generalizability of driving behavior models, crucial for autonomous driving development.
- TSM provides a foundational tool for decision-making, testing, and risk assessment in autonomous driving systems.
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