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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

476
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
476
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

960
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes
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Targeting peptide antigens using a multiallelic MHC I-binding system.

Haotian Du1, Leena Mallik2,3, Daniel Hwang2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Nature Biotechnology
|December 13, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new platform, TRACeR-I, enables precise targeting of peptides on MHC I molecules, overcoming T cell receptor cross-reactivity for developing novel therapeutics.

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Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2025

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes
07:59

A High Throughput MHC II Binding Assay for Quantitative Analysis of Peptide Epitopes

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Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Developing targeted therapeutics against specific peptides presented by MHC class I (MHC I) proteins is challenging due to T cell receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity.
  • Existing methods struggle with the polymorphic nature of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a generalizable platform, TRACeR-I, for targeting peptides on polymorphic HLA-A*, HLA-B*, and HLA-C* allotypes.
  • To overcome the cross-reactivity limitations of TCRs in MHC I-targeting applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the targeted recognition of antigen-MHC complex reporter for MHC I (TRACeR-I) platform.
  • Co-crystallization of TRACeR-MHC I to elucidate its antigen recognition mechanism.
  • Rapid screening of TRACeR-I against disease-relevant HLAs and peptides from viruses and oncoproteins.

Main Results:

  • TRACeR-I demonstrates extensive contacts across the entire peptide length, conferring single-residue specificity.
  • Successful screening against a panel of viral and oncoprotein-derived peptides presented by various HLA allotypes.
  • TRACeR-based bispecific T cell engagers and CAR T cells showed high efficacy (low nanomolar range) in on-target tumor cell killing.

Conclusions:

  • The TRACeR-I platform offers a generalizable solution for targeting peptides presented by MHC I molecules.
  • This technology overcomes TCR cross-reactivity, enabling precise targeting for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • TRACeR-I empowers the development of broadly applicable MHC I-targeting molecules.