The thermal optimum of photosynthetic parameters is regulated by leaf nutrients in neotropical savannas

Global warming significantly threatens species in the Cerrado, the world's largest savannah. Therefore, understanding how plants respond to temperature change, particularly in relation to leaf-level photosynthetic capacity, is crucial to understanding the future of Cerrado vegetation. Here, we determined the optimum temperature of the maximum rate of RuBP-carboxylation and maximum electron transport rate (TOptV and TOptJ, respectively) of 12 tree species in two opposite borders (northeastern and southeastern) of the Cerrado with distinct temperature regimes. We focused on four widespread species found in both sites, four restricted to the northeast, and four to the southeast. We compared TOptV and TOptJ between regions and between widespread species (co-occurring in both sites) and species restricted to each ecoregion. Additionally, we also explored the relationship between TOptV and TOptJ with leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). As a result, we found that TOptV and TOptJ values were similar across species, regardless of the study region or species distribution range. The similarity of TOpt values among species suggests that photosynthetic performance is optimized to current temperatures. Additionally, we also observed that the TOptV and TOptJ were similar to the local maximum ambient temperatures. Therefore, if these species do not have enough plasticity, the increasing temperature predicted for this region may reduce their photosynthetic performance. Finally, the studied species exhibited general relationships between the TOptV and TOptJ and foliar key nutrients, particularly with P, suggesting the nutrient availability has an important role in the thermal acclimation of leaves. These findings offer valuable insights into physiological and ecological mechanisms in photosynthesis performance present in the Cerrado species.