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Sexual Orientation-Motivated Violent Victimizations in Brazil: Using Representative Data From the 2019 National
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald1, Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Júnior1, Wanessa da Silva de Almeida1
1Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|December 14, 2024
Summary
Homosexual/bisexual men and women in Brazil face higher rates of physical and sexual violence compared to heterosexual individuals. This study highlights the intersection of sexual orientation, sex, race, and education in violent victimization, underscoring policy gaps.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Criminology
Background:
- Violence, including physical and sexual victimization, is a significant public health concern globally.
- Understanding disparities in violence based on sexual orientation is crucial for targeted interventions.
- Brazil's National Health Survey (PNS-2019) provides a robust dataset for investigating such health inequalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate differences in violent physical and sexual victimization based on sexual orientation in Brazil.
- To identify sociodemographic factors associated with violent victimization.
- To inform public health policies and interventions addressing violence against LGBTQ+ individuals.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS-2019).
- Sample included 70,361 individuals aged 18 to 64 years.
- Prevalence and odds ratios (OR) of physical and sexual violence were estimated using multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic variables and age of sexual initiation.
Main Results:
- Homosexual/bisexual men (13%) and women (16%) reported higher rates of physical violence in the past 12 months compared to heterosexual individuals.
- Homosexual/bisexual men experienced significantly higher odds of lifetime sexual violence (OR=9.1) compared to heterosexual men.
- Homosexual/bisexual women also showed higher prevalence of lifetime sexual violence (11.5%) with increased odds (OR=2.4) compared to heterosexual women.
- Younger age, non-white ethnicity, early initiation of sexual activity (<15 years), and lower education levels were associated with increased odds of physical violence.
- Women faced a substantially higher risk of lifetime sexual violence (OR=7.30) than men.
Conclusions:
- Sexual orientation is a significant factor associated with violent victimization in Brazil.
- Interactions between sex, sexual orientation, race, and socioeconomic status exacerbate the risk of violence.
- Existing public policies are insufficient to address homophobic prejudice and protect vulnerable populations from violence.
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