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Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals a Causal Relationship Between Allergic Rhinitis and Hazelnut Allergy.

Yidan Sun1,2, Judith M Vonk2,3, Elin T G Kersten1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Allergy
|December 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study identified a new genetic locus linked to hazelnut allergy in adults. It also confirmed that allergic rhinitis is a causal risk factor for developing food allergy to hazelnuts.

Keywords:
GWASatopyfood allergygeneticsgenomics

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Food allergy (FA) genetics in adults remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding FA heterogeneity is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate genetic susceptibility to FA in adults.
  • Assess the link between secondary FA and allergic rhinitis (AR).

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on FA and specific allergens in over 21,000 adults.
  • Replication in an independent cohort of over 15,000 adults, followed by meta-analysis.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine the causal relationship between AR and FA.

Main Results:

  • Identified a genome-wide significant locus near HLA-DPA1 associated with hazelnut allergy (rs5025825).
  • Confirmed allergic rhinitis (AR) as a significant causal risk factor for hazelnut FA.
  • Observed co-occurrence of tree nut and apple FA, frequently with AR.

Conclusions:

  • A novel locus in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region associated with hazelnut FA was identified.
  • Findings suggest a link between antigen recognition and hazelnut allergy.
  • This research genetically connects secondary FA to AR in the adult population.