Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
Published on: January 22, 2015
Treatment of effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants using electrochemically produced Caro's acid
M Pilar Castro1, Ismael F Mena2, Cristina Sáez2
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technologies (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Abstract:
This work describes the application of electrochemically produced Caro's acid in a divided electrochemical flow cell for the removal of fourteen CECs from real effluent at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Ciudad Real, Spain. The results are compared with direct dosing of the reagent (with an ionic/molecular oxidant) and radical-assisted oxidation (activated sulfate radical via photochemical oxidation or hydrogen peroxide-induced radical oxidation). This study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of these processes. As well, the effect of these three technologies on effluent disinfection is evaluated. The results demonstrate that this treatment alternative efficiently destroys all monitored pollutants, reaching the detection limits of the analytical equipment.
More Related Videos
09:49Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency
Published on: September 11, 2016
11:58Waste Water Derived Electroactive Microbial Biofilms: Growth, Maintenance, and Basic Characterization
Published on: December 29, 2013
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Solubility
Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...