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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Dengue virus importation risks in Africa: a modelling study.

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African nations face dengue risk from international travel. This study identifies high-risk airports for dengue importation, aiding surveillance resource allocation to prevent outbreaks.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Dengue poses a significant global health threat, with African countries at risk of viral introduction via air travel from endemic regions like South America and Asia.
  • Limited surveillance and diagnostic capabilities in Africa hinder comprehensive understanding of dengue transmission dynamics and effective strategy deployment.
  • This study aimed to pinpoint African airports most vulnerable to receiving dengue-infected passengers from high-incidence areas globally and regionally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify African airports at high risk for dengue importation.
  • To inform the strategic allocation of public health surveillance resources across Africa.
  • To mitigate the risk of dengue introduction and establishment in vulnerable African regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2019 air travel flow data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) database.
  • Incorporated monthly passenger volumes from 14 high-incidence non-African countries and 18 African countries with recent dengue outbreaks.
  • Developed a novel risk model combining origin-destination travel data with a composite index of climate-driven transmission suitability and population density to estimate importation risk.

Main Results:

  • Eastern African countries showed a high risk of dengue importation from Asia and within the region.
  • Western African countries faced a greater importation risk from within their region compared to outside Africa.
  • Mauritius, Uganda, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Kenya were identified as particularly susceptible to dengue introductions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a data-driven approach to optimize surveillance resource allocation in high-risk African regions.
  • Enhanced resource allocation is crucial for early detection and management of imported dengue cases.
  • Improved surveillance can bolster local responses to dengue outbreaks and prevent widespread transmission.