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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Climate change and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are linked, often interacting harmfully. More research is needed to understand these connections and address knowledge gaps for better global health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • One Health

Background:

  • Climate change and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose significant global health threats.
  • These challenges are often studied in isolation, despite potential links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the evidence linking climate change and AMR.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and areas for future research in this interconnected field.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed.
  • Screening of 1687 unique results, with data extraction from 574 relevant articles.
  • Analysis of literature themes including harmful synergies, shared drivers, and trade-offs.

Main Results:

  • 39% of articles discussed harmful synergies between climate change and AMR.
  • 19% detailed climate change influencing AMR emergence and evolution.
  • 12% presented positive synergies between climate and AMR interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple intersections exist between climate change and AMR, with significant potential for harmful interactions.
  • Research is nascent, fragmented, and requires greater empirical attention, especially concerning specific climate hazards and diverse resistant organisms.
  • A unified approach is needed to address these interconnected global challenges effectively.