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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
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Published on: October 2, 2020

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The effects of hemodialysis on the cardiovascular system

Zachary S Pallister1, Jayer Chung1

  • 1Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 390, Houston TX 77030.

Seminars in Vascular Surgery
|December 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are rising, impacting cardiovascular and vascular health. These conditions involve complex pathophysiologic changes leading to significant cardiac and vascular pathologies.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States.
  • ESRD management accounts for approximately 1% of the US federal government's annual budget.
  • CKD and ESRD significantly disrupt cardiac and vascular systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiac and vascular pathologies associated with CKD and ESRD.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiologic hallmarks contributing to these systemic derangements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CKD and ESRD pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of key alterations in the renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic tone, and mineral metabolism.
  • Examination of inflammatory pathways and uremic toxin effects.

Main Results:

  • Identified hallmark pathophysiologies including renin-angiotensin system alterations, elevated sympathetic tone, and calcium-phosphate imbalances.
  • Highlighted the role of pro-inflammatory cytokine release and uremic toxin accumulation.
  • Established a link between these factors and specific cardiac and vascular pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • CKD and ESRD induce multifaceted derangements in the cardiovascular and vascular systems.
  • Understanding these pathophysiologic mechanisms is crucial for managing associated cardiac and vascular complications.
  • Further research is warranted to explore specific pathologies and therapeutic interventions.

Keywords:
Arterial calcificationAtherosclerosisChronic kidney diseaseEnd-stage renal diseaseUremic cardiomyopathy

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