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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Optimal Brain Targets for Enhancing Vocal Performance With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.

Kelly Sukar Cavalcanti Oliveira1, Adriana de Oliveira Camargo Gomes2, Rodrigo Brito3

  • 1Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue, Recife 50740-560, Pernambuco, Brasil; From the Graduate Program in Human Communication Health at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center, Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Department, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|December 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) impacts voice differently based on brain area targeted. M1 stimulation improved vocal range and quality, while cerebellum stimulation enhanced laryngeal control, with reduced vocal effort observed across all sites.

Keywords:
Voice—Voice quality—Transcranial direct current stimulation—Brain stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech and Hearing Science
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique used to modulate neural activity.
  • Understanding the precise effects of tDCS on vocal function is crucial for potential therapeutic applications.
  • Previous research has explored tDCS effects on motor control and cognitive functions, but its impact on voice production requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine which brain area, when stimulated by tDCS, yields the most significant improvements in vocal quality, vocal range, laryngeal neuromotor function, and self-reported vocal effort.
  • To compare the effects of tDCS targeting the cerebellum, primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on vocal parameters in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blinded, randomized crossover trial involving 16 healthy adult non-singers.
  • Participants received anodal tDCS (2 mA for 20 minutes) over four different brain areas (cerebellum, M1, S1, DLPFC) with a 7-day washout period between sessions.
  • Vocal assessments included vocal range profile (VRP), vocal quality parameters (jitter, shimmer, etc.), laryngeal diadochokinesis, and self-reported vocal effort before and after each stimulation session.

Main Results:

  • Primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation significantly enhanced the vocal range profile (VRP) by increasing maximum intensity and improving vocal quality, especially at habitual and strong vocal efforts.
  • Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) stimulation also improved vocal quality at strong intensities but detrimentally affected the VRP by reducing maximum fundamental frequency.
  • Cerebellum stimulation improved laryngeal neuromuscular control and coordination without altering vocal quality, and self-reported vocal effort decreased across all stimulated brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) demonstrates differential effects on vocal parameters depending on the targeted brain area.
  • M1 stimulation appears most promising for enhancing vocal performance, particularly intensity and quality, while cerebellum stimulation aids laryngeal motor control.
  • tDCS generally reduces perceived vocal effort, suggesting a potential role in managing vocal fatigue or improving vocal efficiency.