Multiphoton Excited Fluorescence Imaging over Metal-Organic Frameworks

Multiphoton excited fluorescence (MPEF) imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for visualizing biological processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic ligands, have recently gained attention for their unique optical properties and potential applications in MPEF imaging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design, synthesis, and applications of multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging using MOFs. We discuss the principles behind the fluorescence behavior of MOFs, explore strategies to enhance their photophysical properties, and showcase their applications in bioimaging. Additionally, we address the current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field, highlighting the potential of multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging by MOFs for advancing our understanding of complex biological processes.