Association Between Type 2 Diabetes and Hypogonadism in India: An Observational Study

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Disorders
• Men's Health

Background:

• Hypogonadism is a common comorbidity in metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes (T2D).
• Undetected hypogonadism can exacerbate metabolic complications.
• Screening for hypogonadism in T2D patients is often insufficient.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of hypogonadism in Indian male patients with T2D.
• To assess the role of obesity in hypogonadism among these patients.
• To highlight the importance of combined symptomatic and biochemical evaluation.

Main Methods:

• Prospective, observational study of male T2D patients.
• Symptomatic assessment using the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire.
• Biochemical confirmation via total testosterone (TT) levels (<300 ng/dL) at two separate time points.

Main Results:

• The true prevalence of hypogonadism was 8.6% after repeat testosterone testing.
• Obese T2D patients (BMI >30 kg/m²) showed a hypogonadism prevalence of 11.1%.
• 81.4% of patients initially screened positive on the ADAM questionnaire.

Conclusions:

• A significant prevalence of hypogonadism exists in Indian men with T2D.
• Repeat total testosterone measurements are essential for accurate diagnosis.
• Combining symptomatic assessment (ADAM questionnaire) with biochemical testing is vital for diagnosing male hypogonadism.