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Multimodal electrospray thruster for small spacecraft: design and experimental characterization.

Peter Mallalieu¹, Manish Jugroot¹

¹RMC Advanced Propulsion and Plasma Exploration Laboratory (RAPPEL), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, 13 General Crerar Crescent, Kingston, K7K 7B4 Ontario Canada.

Journal of Electric Propulsion

|December 16, 2024

Summary

This study presents a novel multimodal electrospray thruster combining ion and droplet modes for nanosatellites. This adaptable micropropulsion system offers flexible mission profiles and enhanced spacecraft control capabilities.

Keywords:

Electric propulsion Electrospray propulsion Ion-mode propulsion Ionic liquids Multimodal thruster Small spacecraft Spacecraft propulsion

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Area of Science:

Spacecraft propulsion
Electric micropropulsion
Multimodal electrospray systems

Background:

Electrospray thrusters are key for nanosatellite propulsion and spacecraft attitude control.
Multimodal propulsion integrates multiple modes using a single propellant, offering mission flexibility.
Current research focuses on developing adaptable micropropulsion for diverse mission requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate a unified multimodal electrospray micro-propulsion system.
Combine droplet and ion modes using a common ionic liquid propellant.
Evaluate the performance and adaptability of the integrated system.

Main Methods:

Fabricated droplet mode emitter from P3 borosilicate glass.
Developed high-efficiency ion mode emitter using Carbon Xerogel.
Characterized thruster performance using beam and time-of-flight experiments in a vacuum chamber.

Main Results:

Ion mode: 1400 V onset, 0.14 mN thrust, 4040 s specific impulse.
Droplet mode: 1375 V onset, 14 mN thrust, 140 s specific impulse (mixed beam).
Demonstrated combined system's potential for flexible thrust generation.

Conclusions:

The developed multimodal electrospray thruster offers significant flexibility and adaptability.
This technology can meet diverse propulsion needs for small satellites.
Integration of different electrospray modes enhances mission design capabilities.