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Cholic-Acid Derived, Guanidine-Functionalized Polymers as Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents.

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A novel guanylated, cholic-acid-based monomer (GM) shows antimicrobial activity. Copolymers with GM, not homopolymers, effectively combat microbes, offering insights for new antimicrobial materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Research

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health threat.
  • Cholic acid's amphiphilicity and guanidine's phosphate affinity are key for antimicrobial action.
  • Developing novel antimicrobial agents is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a new guanylated, cholic-acid-based monomer (GM).
  • To investigate the antimicrobial activity of GM monomers, homopolymers, and copolymers.
  • To explore structure-activity relationships for antimicrobial material development.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a guanylated, cholic-acid-based monomer (GM).
  • Photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization for homopolymer and copolymer synthesis.
  • Antimicrobial activity assays and hemolysis testing.

Main Results:

  • The GM monomer exhibited significant antimicrobial activity.
  • GM homopolymers lost antimicrobial activity, attributed to polymer conformation.
  • GM copolymers with PEGMA or HEMA restored antimicrobial efficacy.
  • Hemolysis was dependent on GM content due to cholesterol interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Novel amphiphilic GM monomer shows promise for antimicrobial applications.
  • Polymer architecture significantly impacts the antimicrobial activity of GM-based materials.
  • GM copolymers offer a viable strategy for developing potent antimicrobial materials.