The Synchronous Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

The synchronous presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and multiple myeloma (MM) is extremely rare. CML is a myeloproliferative neoplasm originating from an abnormal pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. It is associated with the BCR-ABL fusion gene located on the Philadelphia chromosome. In contrast, multiple myeloma is a multifocal, bone marrow-based plasma cell neoplasm associated with the production of M-protein in the serum and/or urine. We present a case with a synchronous diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma. Both cancers were aggressively treated. The patient received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma and tyrosine kinase inhibitor for chronic myeloid leukemia concurrently to achieve the complete response.