Wearable Technology and Chronic Illness: Balancing Justice and Care Ethics

The management of chronic diseases has been revolutionized by the advent of wearable health technology. These devices provide personalized and real-time health data to patients. The problem that this technology is most frequently used to address is obesity and its consequences, heart disease, and certain cancers. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between being at a healthy weight and having a lower risk of developing these conditions. Yet, many smart health devices in the wearable technology sector are only, and most of the time, within the context of weight management or obesity. The major research question directing this exploration is as follows: How can the use of wearable technologies be effective in improving the management and quality of life of people with chronic health problems? The question carries with it another that is almost as important: Does the use of these devices move us toward a more moral and just healthcare system, or does it unfairly advantage some groups of patients over others? This research will focus on three specific types of wearable devices, chosen as representative case studies. They are (1) the smartwatch, a more recent advancement in wearable technology that monitors the user's heart rate and physical activity; (2) the continuous glucose monitor (CGM), which presents real-time glucose levels for the user; and (3) the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, also called a respirator, worn during sleep by individuals diagnosed with sleep apnea. Each of these devices has the potential to not only revolutionize the management of chronic health conditions but also raise some important questions about the ethics of doing so.