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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Severe Gingival Enlargement Associated With Methamphetamine Abuse: A Case Report.

Eliane Porto Barboza1, Steven J Caldroney1, Beatriz Panariello1

  • 1Dentistry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA.

Cureus
|December 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Severe gingival enlargement (GE) in a patient with advanced periodontitis was successfully treated with surgery and antibiotics. This case highlights the link between substance abuse, periodontal disease, and GE management.

Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Oral Medicine
  • Substance Abuse Research

Background:

  • Gingival enlargement (GE) involves excessive gingival tissue growth.
Keywords:
advanced periodontitisdrug and substance abusedrug-influenced gingival enlargementmicrobiologyoral microbiologyperiodontitis

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  • Dental biofilm, medications, and substance abuse can worsen GE.
  • Severe GE is often associated with advanced periodontal disease.