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Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Coupling-enabled chirality in terahertz metasurfaces.

Shan Yin¹, Yuting Chen¹, Baogang Quan²

¹Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)

|December 16, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral metasurfaces exhibit unique polarization-sensitive transmission effects. Adjusting the coupling between resonators in terahertz chiral metasurfaces significantly impacts chiroptical activity, enabling enhanced circular conversion dichroism.

Keywords:

chirality coupled-mode theory coupling metasurface

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Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

Published on: March 23, 2017

Area of Science:

Terahertz spectroscopy
Metasurface optics
Chiroptical phenomena

Background:

Chirality is fundamental in biological and chemical systems.
Chiral metasurfaces offer enhanced chiroptical responses for advanced applications.
Terahertz chiral metasurfaces are crucial for polarization-sensitive devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate novel polarization-sensitive transmission effects in terahertz chiral metasurfaces.
To explore the influence of resonator coupling on chiroptical activity.
To provide a method for designing and enhancing chiral metasurfaces.

Main Methods:

Fabrication and characterization of terahertz chiral metasurfaces.
Experimental and simulated analysis of circular cross-polarization conversion spectra and circular conversion dichroism (CCD).
Theoretical analysis using coupled mode theory.

Main Results:

Observed asymmetrical transmission for circularly polarized states.
Demonstrated that resonator coupling significantly affects chiroptical activities.
Correlated metasurface chirality with mode coupling between wire and split ring resonator (SRR) elements.

Conclusions:

Chirality in terahertz metasurfaces is strongly linked to the coupling between constituent resonators.
Tuning resonator positions effectively modifies CCD, enabling coupling-enabled chirality.
Findings offer insights into designing advanced chiral metasurfaces for sensing and imaging.