Characterizing Behavioral Effects of Early-Life Stress in an Animal Model of Auditory Processing

Animal models provide significant insight into the development of typical and disordered sensory processing. Such models have been established to take advantage of physical and behavioral characteristics of specific species. For example, the Mongolian gerbil is a well-established model for auditory processing, with a hearing range similar in frequency to that of humans and an easily accessible cochlea. Recently, early-life stress (ELS) has been shown to affect sensory processing in auditory, visual, and somatosensory neural regions. To understand the functional impact of ELS, it is necessary to evaluate the susceptibility of sensory perceptual abilities to this early perturbation. Yet measuring sensory perception - e.g., using operant conditioning - often concurrently involves animal behavioral elements such as attention, memory, learning, and emotion. All of these elements are well-known to be impacted by ELS, and may affect behavioral measurements in ways that could be misconstrued as sensory deficits. Thus, it is critical to characterize which behavioral elements are affected by ELS in any sensory model. Here we induced ELS during a developmental time window for maturation of the auditory cortex in Mongolian gerbils. We conducted behavioral measures in juveniles, a developmental age when ELS is known to impair the auditory pathway. ELS had no effect on overall activity but reduced anxiety-related behavior, impaired recognition memory, and improved spatial memory, with some sex-specific effects. These effects may influence the ability of gerbils to learn and retain operant training, particularly if anxiety-provoking reinforcement is used.