Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

2.2K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.2K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

503
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
503
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

862
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
862
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

2.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.4K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

10.8K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
10.8K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

168
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
168

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

"Actionable" risk for preterm birth: patterns and prediction in California singleton births 2016-2020.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026
Same author

Co-Expressed MicroRNAs Identify Potential Mechanisms Underlying Risk for Multimorbid Depression and Type 2 Diabetes in Midlife Women.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Strategies to recruit and retain Black and Latina/x women and birthing people in a biospecimen research study.

Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives·2026
Same author

Co-expressed MicroRNAs Associated with An Elevated Psychometabolic Risk Phenotype in Women during Midlife.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Effects of Protein Source and Amount of Saturated Fat on Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin Secretion, and Disposition Index in Healthy Individuals.

The Journal of nutrition·2026
Same author

MicroRNAs modify relationships between hemoglobin A1c and race and ethnicity.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2026
Same journal

A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> uses a eukaryotic-like uridyltransferase to make UDP-GlcNAc for cell wall synthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic redistribution of eIF4F controls cap-dependent translation initiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

When does additional information improve accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Normative brain-state trajectories reveal deviation from healthy aging in Alzheimer's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
08:09

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

Published on: May 18, 2014

14.3K

Prediabetes Phenotype Clusters in the Diabetes Prevention Program Study.

Benjamin M Stroebel, Meghana Gadgil, Kimberly Lewis

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |December 16, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Clustering identified distinct prediabetes phenotypes. Comprehensive measures improved characterization, with metformin showing the greatest impact on type 2 diabetes progression.

    More Related Videos

    Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters
    08:41

    Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

    Published on: June 23, 2023

    2.8K
    Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing ChIP-seq
    09:52

    Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing ChIP-seq

    Published on: April 19, 2013

    24.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
    08:09

    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

    Published on: May 18, 2014

    14.3K
    Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters
    08:41

    Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

    Published on: June 23, 2023

    2.8K
    Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing ChIP-seq
    09:52

    Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing ChIP-seq

    Published on: April 19, 2013

    24.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Health
    • Data Science in Medicine

    Background:

    • Prediabetes affects millions globally, increasing type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.
    • Identifying distinct prediabetes phenotypes is crucial for targeted interventions.
    • The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial provides valuable data for such analyses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To apply clustering methods to identify and characterize prediabetes phenotypes.
    • To examine relationships between phenotypes, treatment arms, and T2D outcomes in the DPP.
    • To compare clustering approaches for T2D risk stratification.

    Main Methods:

    • Secondary analysis of 994 participants from the DPP trial.
    • Unsupervised k-means clustering using clinical risk factors alone or with comprehensive measures (glucose tolerance, body composition).
    • Comparison of clustering utility in phenotype characterization and T2D risk stratification.

    Main Results:

    • Five distinct prediabetes clusters were identified.
    • Both clustering approaches revealed significant differences in risk factors.
    • Comprehensive models identified a metabolically healthy overweight phenotype.
    • The metformin arm showed the greatest differentiation in predicting time to T2D.

    Conclusions:

    • Data-driven clustering can identify prediabetes phenotypes at higher risk of progression.
    • Phenotypic characterization aids in understanding treatment responses.
    • Personalized prevention and treatment strategies for prediabetes and T2D can be enhanced by this approach.